Network performance and network technologies for Industrial Ethernet
When combined, the current Industrial Ethernet technologies can significantly boost performance on the network in comparison with the original 10 Mbit/s technology. These technologies are:
Fast Ethernet with 100 Mbit/s:
Messages are transported much faster than Ethernet (10 Mbit/s) and therefore only occupy the bus for an extremely short time. For Fast Ethernet, a 4-wire FastConnect cabling system (Cat5e) is available with cable, plug and outlet.
Gigabit Ethernet with 1 Gbit/s:
Gigabit Ethernet is faster than Fast Ethernet by a factor of 10, the bus is occupied for only one tenth of the time. For Gigabit Ethernet, an 8-wire FastConnect cabling system (Cat6) is available with cable, plug and outlet.
Gigabit Ethernet at 10 Gbit/s:
Compared to Ethernet with 1 Gbit/s, Ethernet with 10 Gbit/s is faster again by a factor of 10.
Full Duplex prevents collisions:
The data throughput increases enormously because the usual message repetitions are avoided.
Data can be sent and received simultaneously between two stations. The data throughput for a full duplex connection therefore rises to 200 Mbit/s with Fast Ethernet and to 2 Gbit/s with Gigabit Ethernet. With full duplex, a greater length of the network is possible. This means, for example, that when glass fiber-optic cables are used, distances of up to 120 km can be achieved.
Switching supports parallel communication:
When a network is subdivided into several segments using a switch, or individual stations are connected direct to a switch, this results in load separation. Data communication is possible in each individual segment independently of the other segments. In the overall network, several messages can therefore be en-route simultaneously. The increase in performance is therefore due to the sending of several messages simultaneously.
Autocrossover automatically crosses the send and receive cables on Twisted Pair interfaces.
Autosensing describes the characteristic of network nodes (data terminals and network components) that automatically detect the transmission rate of a signal (10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1 Gbit/s) and support autonegotiation.
Autonegotiation is a configuration protocol on Fast Ethernet. Before initiating the actual data transmission, network devices automatically negotiate a transmission mode which is supported by any device (1000 Mbit/s,100 Mbit/s or 10 Mbit/s, full duplex or half duplex)
Ethernet Switching
The Industrial Ethernet switch has the following functionality:
Depending on the number of available interfaces, switches are able to simultaneously interconnect several pairs of subnetworks or stations temporarily and dynamically, with each connection possessing the full data throughput.
By filtering the data traffic on the basis of the Ethernet (MAC) address of the terminals, the data traffic remains local and only data intended for nodes of another subnetwork is forwarded by the switch.
More data terminals can be connected than in a classic Ethernet network.
Error propagation is limited to the subnetwork concerned.
The switching technology offers definite advantages:
Subnetworks and network segments can be created.
The data throughput is increased and with it the network performance as a result of structuring the data communication.
Easy rules for network configuration.
Network topologies with 50 switches and an overall extension of more than 150 km can be implemented without the need to take signal propagation times into account.
Unlimited extension of the network by connecting individual collision domains/subnetworks.
Easy, reaction-free extension of existing networks.
Full duplex
Full duplex (FDX) is an operating mode in the network that, in contrast to half duplex, allows stations to send and receive data simultaneously. When FDX is used, collision detection is automatically deactivated in the participating stations.
For FDX, transmission media with separate send and receive channels must be used, e.g. FOC and TP, and the participating components must be able to store data packages. With an FDX connection collisions do not occur, so components that support FDX can send and receive simultaneously at the nominal transmission rate. The data throughput therefore increases to twice the nominal transmission rate of the network, to 20 Mbit/s with the classic Ethernet and 200 Mbit/s with Fast Ethernet. With Gigabit Ethernet, up to 2000 Mbit/s are achieved.
A further advantage of FDX is the increase in the network extension.
By deactivating the collision principle, the distance between two components can be increased by the size of a collision domain or more. With full duplex, the maximum distance can extend as far as the performance limit of the send and receive components. This is especially the case in connection with fiber-optic cables. When glass fiber-optic cables are used, distances of up to 120 km can be achieved.
Increased performance through switching, full duplex
Autosensing/Autonegotiation
Autosensing describes the characteristic of network nodes (data terminals and network components) that automatically detect the transmission rate of a signal (10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1000 Mbit/s) and support autonegotiation.
Autonegotiation is the configuration protocol for Twisted Pair. It enables the participating nodes to negotiate and agree the transmission rate before the first data packages are transferred:
10 Mbit/s,100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s or 10 Gbit/s
Full duplex or half duplex
Autonegotiation can also be deactivated if a specific transmission rate has to be set.
The advantage with Autosensing lies in the problem-free interoperability of all Ethernet components.
Classical Ethernet components that do not support Autosensing work problem-free with Fast Ethernet and new Gigabit Ethernet components that do support Autosensing.
Autocrossover
The Autocrossover function automatically crosses the send and receive cables on Twisted Pair interfaces. This means that crossed connecting lines (e.g. TP XP Cords) are no longer required.
Fast redundancy
Extremely fast reconfiguration of the network following an error is indispensable for industrial applications, because the connected data terminals will otherwise disconnect logical communication links. This would result in a process running out of control or emergency shutdown of the plant.
In order to achieve the very fast reaction times required, various standardized procedures are used. A network can then be reconfigured to form a functional network infrastructure in a fraction of a second.
In an optical ring comprising 50 switches, the network will be reconfigured after a fault (cable break or switch failure) in less than 0.2 seconds. The connected data terminals remain unaffected by the changes in the network and logical connections are not disconnected. Control over the process or application is assured at all times.
In addition to implementing high-speed media redundancy in the ring, Industrial Ethernet switches also offer the functions required for high-speed redundant coupling of rings or network segments. Network segments in any topology or rings can be coupled via two switches in each case.
Configuration with high-speed redundancy in the optical ring
Configuration with high-speed redundancy in the electrical ring
Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP)
Higher plant availability can be achieved by means of a redundant installation (ring topology). The media redundancy can be created on the one hand by means of switches, and on the other hand direct via the PROFINET interfaces on SIMATIC controllers and distributed inputs/outputs. Thanks to the MRP protocol (IEC 61158 Type 10), reconfiguration times of less than 200 ms can be achieved, depending on the number of stations.
If the ring is interrupted at one point, immediate reconfiguration takes place and all communication nodes continue to be accessible.
Electrical/optical ring topology with SCALANCE X101-1/X101-1LD
Optical star topology with SCALANCE X101-1/X101-1LD and remote SCALANCE W Access Point
Redundancy with the Spanning Tree algorithm
The Spanning Tree algorithm is described in the IEEE 802.1d standard; it organizes any number of meshed Ethernet structures comprising bridges and switches.
To prevent data packages circulating in the network, in the case of closed meshes different connections are switched to standby so that an open tree structure results from the meshed structure.
The bridges/switches communicate for this purpose using the Spanning Tree protocol. This protocol is extremely complex because it has to handle any type of network structure.
The organization of network structures with the Spanning Tree protocol can take from 30 to 60 seconds. During this period, productive communication for reliable visualization or process control in the network is not possible.
In the time-optimized variant "Rapid Reconfiguration Spanning Tree“ according to IEEE 802.1, the time is shortened to between 1 and 3 seconds for up to 10 series-connected switches. For connecting to office networks, some SIMATIC NET switches support the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.
Switched network
Switched industrial networks can be configured electrically or optically with a linear, star or ring structure, or a combination.
They are constructed with SCALANCE X switches and with integral switches, e.g. in communications processors. Fiber-optic conductors or Twisted Pair cables are used as the transmission media between the switches.
Data terminals or network segments are connected over twisted-pair cables or polymer optical fiber (POF) . Switched networks can be of any size. The signal propagation times must be taken into account at distances over 150 km.
Optical cabling with POF/PCF or glass fiber optic cable
Fiber-optic cables are always recommended as an alternative to copper cables in environments subject to strong electromagnetic interference (EMI), if reliable equipotential bonding cannot be guaranteed, if the system is in the open air, or if no adverse effects caused by EMI are wanted.
Glass fiber optic cables are used to establish optical network topologies covering long distances, while for shorter distances, plastic fiber optic cable made of light-conducting plastics like polymer optical fiber (POF), or plastic covered glass fibers such as polymer cladded fiber (PCF), are used. Simple fiber-optic cabling for machine-level use is implemented with the SC RJ connection system for polymer optical fiber and PCF. The SC RJ connectors can be assembled especially quickly and simply on-site. The plastic fiber optic cables designed for this purpose can be used universally or specifically in festoon cable systems.
For optical cabling, e.g. for a PROFINET system, products with POF or PCF connection are used, e.g. the Industrial Ethernet Switch SCALANCE X200-4P IRT, ET 200S distributed I/O, or the SCALANCE X101-1POF media converter.
Mixed network with SCALANCE X202-2P IRT and SCALANCE X101-1POF media converter
Fault-tolerant communication
The availability of the communication is increased by means of redundant communication connections, to which the data transmission can be switched quickly in the event of a fault.
Fault-tolerant S7-connections can be set up from S7-400H stations to
other H stations (one- or two-channel)
PCs (S7-REDCONNECT software required)
.
Increased availability by means of redundant communication connections
Gigabit at the control level
Whereas in the field level, short response times and small data message frames are in the forefront, the need for high data throughput is constantly increasing in the control level. The reason for this is the rapidly growing number of nodes and data-intensive systems such as HMI, SCADA, code reading systems, web applications or multimedia applications.
In addition to the Gigabit-capable network infrastructure, there are also Gigabit-capable system connections for PCs or SIMATIC S7-300/400. The CP 1623 communications processor for PCI Express supports a high-performance connection of the HMI/SCADA systems and simultaneously increases the reliability of the network by means of an optional external power supply.
The CP 343-1 Advanced and CP 443-1 Advanced communications processors for SIMATIC S7-300/400 implement integral network separation between the control level and field level and provide:
Separate network connections on a module for the connection of two independent IP-subnetworks, e.g. control level is IP subnetwork 1 (Gigabit Ethernet) and the field level is IP subnetwork 2 (Fast Ethernet)
Cross-network utilization of IT services through IP routing, such as access to Web servers
Short response times for the lower-level field device connection with PROFINET
Firewall for protecting the programmable controllers from unauthorized access regardless of the size of the network to be protected
Supplementary or alternative VPN (Virtual Private Network) for secure authentication of the communication partners and encryption of the transmitted data
Network separation between field level and control level including Gigabit communication at the control level
Network separation between field level and control level
Networks often have to be separated physically from one another, but nevertheless have to communicate with one another. Reasons for network separation are deliberate load decoupling or different responsibilities within an enterprise (e.g. office and production network).
When using the CP 343-1 Advanced communications processors and CP 443-1 Advanced for S7 controllers this requirement presents no problem. With the introduction of interfaces for separate IP subnetworks in Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet on one module, the cross-network use of IT services is possible by means of static IP routing. A firewall protects programmable controllers against unauthorized access regardless of the size of the network to be protected. As an alternative or supplement, secure authentication of the communication partners and encryption of the transmitted data can be handled via a VPN (Virtual Private Network).
SIMATIC PCS 7 process control system with Gigabit
In the control room, two SCALANCE X-400 switches are used on the terminal bus. If a high number of nodes are connected to the plant bus, SCALANCE X414-3E switches, for example, can be used with extender modules. These are connected together to create an electrical ring with a transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s.
Several operator panels are provided and divided between the two switches so that the system can still be operated in the event of a failure. The terminal and plant buses are connected using redundant servers, e.g. with SCALANCE X408-2 also via high-performance Gigabit lines.
Use of the SCALANCE X switches in a process control system, e.g. PCS 7
Plant network with connection to the management level or the corporate network with SCALANCE X-500
Fail-safe wireless communication with PROFIsafe
For several years, safety engineering has been integrating into standard automation on the basis of SIMATIC S7 controllers, PROFIBUS and PROFIsafe.
This range has been expanded by PROFINET-enabled components, thus providing a complete product range with failsafe controllers, failsafe I/O and a corresponding engineering environment.
PROFIsafe prevents errors such as address corruption, loss, delay, etc., when transmitting messages through continuous numbering of the PROFIsafe data, time monitoring, and authenticity monitoring using passwords and optimized cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
Fail-safe wireless communication with PROFIsafe
Secure communication with SCALANCE S and Security Integrated
SCALANCE S security modules and modules with Security Integrated offer scalable security functionality for the protection of automation networks. Security Integrated integrates the firewall and VPN security functionalities familiar from SCALANCE S into communications processors (CP 343-1 Advanced, CP 443-1 Advanced, CP 1628) and the SCALANCE M875 mobile wireless router as additional functions. Apart from IP routing, the following are supported:
Firewall for protecting the programmable controllers from unauthorized access regardless of the size of the network to be protected.
Supplementary or alternative VPN (Virtual Private Network) for secure authentication of the communication partners and encryption of the transmitted data
Address translation
NAT (Network Address Translation) permits the use of private IP addresses in the internal network in that public IP addresses are converted to private ones
NAPT (Network Address and Port Translation) permits the use of private IP addresses in the internal network in that frames are converted to private IP addresses depending on the communications port used
Secure remote maintenance and protection of network segments thanks to SCALANCE S in a Gigabit network infrastructure
For a high-performance coupling of networks, the modular Industrial Ethernet Switch SCALANCE X414-3E is available. In the case of SCALANCE X414-3E, high-speed IP routing permits communication between different IP subnetworks and routers:
Static routing
Dynamic routing OSPF (open shortest path first) and
RIPv1/2 (routing information protocol)
Redundant routing VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
High-performance Layer 3 switching paired with redundant routing (VRRP)
When combined, the current Industrial Ethernet technologies can significantly boost performance on the network in comparison with the original 10 Mbit/s technology. These technologies are:
Fast Ethernet with 100 Mbit/s:
Gigabit Ethernet is faster than Fast Ethernet by a factor of 10, the bus is occupied for only one tenth of the time. For Gigabit Ethernet, an 8-wire FastConnect cabling system (Cat6) is available with cable, plug and outlet.
Gigabit Ethernet at 10 Gbit/s:
Compared to Ethernet with 1 Gbit/s, Ethernet with 10 Gbit/s is faster again by a factor of 10.
Full Duplex prevents collisions:
The data throughput increases enormously because the usual message repetitions are avoided.
Data can be sent and received simultaneously between two stations. The data throughput for a full duplex connection therefore rises to 200 Mbit/s with Fast Ethernet and to 2 Gbit/s with Gigabit Ethernet. With full duplex, a greater length of the network is possible. This means, for example, that when glass fiber-optic cables are used, distances of up to 120 km can be achieved.
Switching supports parallel communication:
When a network is subdivided into several segments using a switch, or individual stations are connected direct to a switch, this results in load separation. Data communication is possible in each individual segment independently of the other segments. In the overall network, several messages can therefore be en-route simultaneously. The increase in performance is therefore due to the sending of several messages simultaneously.
Autocrossover automatically crosses the send and receive cables on Twisted Pair interfaces.
Autosensing describes the characteristic of network nodes (data terminals and network components) that automatically detect the transmission rate of a signal (10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1 Gbit/s) and support autonegotiation.
Autonegotiation is a configuration protocol on Fast Ethernet. Before initiating the actual data transmission, network devices automatically negotiate a transmission mode which is supported by any device (1000 Mbit/s,100 Mbit/s or 10 Mbit/s, full duplex or half duplex)
Ethernet Switching
The Industrial Ethernet switch has the following functionality:
Depending on the number of available interfaces, switches are able to simultaneously interconnect several pairs of subnetworks or stations temporarily and dynamically, with each connection possessing the full data throughput.
By filtering the data traffic on the basis of the Ethernet (MAC) address of the terminals, the data traffic remains local and only data intended for nodes of another subnetwork is forwarded by the switch.
More data terminals can be connected than in a classic Ethernet network.
Error propagation is limited to the subnetwork concerned.
The switching technology offers definite advantages:
Subnetworks and network segments can be created.
The data throughput is increased and with it the network performance as a result of structuring the data communication.
Easy rules for network configuration.
Network topologies with 50 switches and an overall extension of more than 150 km can be implemented without the need to take signal propagation times into account.
Unlimited extension of the network by connecting individual collision domains/subnetworks.
Easy, reaction-free extension of existing networks.
Full duplex
Full duplex (FDX) is an operating mode in the network that, in contrast to half duplex, allows stations to send and receive data simultaneously. When FDX is used, collision detection is automatically deactivated in the participating stations.
For FDX, transmission media with separate send and receive channels must be used, e.g. FOC and TP, and the participating components must be able to store data packages. With an FDX connection collisions do not occur, so components that support FDX can send and receive simultaneously at the nominal transmission rate. The data throughput therefore increases to twice the nominal transmission rate of the network, to 20 Mbit/s with the classic Ethernet and 200 Mbit/s with Fast Ethernet. With Gigabit Ethernet, up to 2000 Mbit/s are achieved.
A further advantage of FDX is the increase in the network extension.
By deactivating the collision principle, the distance between two components can be increased by the size of a collision domain or more. With full duplex, the maximum distance can extend as far as the performance limit of the send and receive components. This is especially the case in connection with fiber-optic cables. When glass fiber-optic cables are used, distances of up to 120 km can be achieved.
Increased performance through switching, full duplex
Autosensing/Autonegotiation
Autosensing describes the characteristic of network nodes (data terminals and network components) that automatically detect the transmission rate of a signal (10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1000 Mbit/s) and support autonegotiation.
Autonegotiation is the configuration protocol for Twisted Pair. It enables the participating nodes to negotiate and agree the transmission rate before the first data packages are transferred:
10 Mbit/s,100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s or 10 Gbit/s
Full duplex or half duplex
Autonegotiation can also be deactivated if a specific transmission rate has to be set.
The advantage with Autosensing lies in the problem-free interoperability of all Ethernet components.
Classical Ethernet components that do not support Autosensing work problem-free with Fast Ethernet and new Gigabit Ethernet components that do support Autosensing.
Autocrossover
The Autocrossover function automatically crosses the send and receive cables on Twisted Pair interfaces. This means that crossed connecting lines (e.g. TP XP Cords) are no longer required.
Fast redundancy
Extremely fast reconfiguration of the network following an error is indispensable for industrial applications, because the connected data terminals will otherwise disconnect logical communication links. This would result in a process running out of control or emergency shutdown of the plant.
In order to achieve the very fast reaction times required, various standardized procedures are used. A network can then be reconfigured to form a functional network infrastructure in a fraction of a second.
In an optical ring comprising 50 switches, the network will be reconfigured after a fault (cable break or switch failure) in less than 0.2 seconds. The connected data terminals remain unaffected by the changes in the network and logical connections are not disconnected. Control over the process or application is assured at all times.
In addition to implementing high-speed media redundancy in the ring, Industrial Ethernet switches also offer the functions required for high-speed redundant coupling of rings or network segments. Network segments in any topology or rings can be coupled via two switches in each case.
Configuration with high-speed redundancy in the optical ring
Configuration with high-speed redundancy in the electrical ring
Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP)
Higher plant availability can be achieved by means of a redundant installation (ring topology). The media redundancy can be created on the one hand by means of switches, and on the other hand direct via the PROFINET interfaces on SIMATIC controllers and distributed inputs/outputs. Thanks to the MRP protocol (IEC 61158 Type 10), reconfiguration times of less than 200 ms can be achieved, depending on the number of stations.
If the ring is interrupted at one point, immediate reconfiguration takes place and all communication nodes continue to be accessible.
Electrical/optical ring topology with SCALANCE X101-1/X101-1LD
Optical star topology with SCALANCE X101-1/X101-1LD and remote SCALANCE W Access Point
Redundancy with the Spanning Tree algorithm
The Spanning Tree algorithm is described in the IEEE 802.1d standard; it organizes any number of meshed Ethernet structures comprising bridges and switches.
To prevent data packages circulating in the network, in the case of closed meshes different connections are switched to standby so that an open tree structure results from the meshed structure.
The bridges/switches communicate for this purpose using the Spanning Tree protocol. This protocol is extremely complex because it has to handle any type of network structure.
The organization of network structures with the Spanning Tree protocol can take from 30 to 60 seconds. During this period, productive communication for reliable visualization or process control in the network is not possible.
In the time-optimized variant "Rapid Reconfiguration Spanning Tree“ according to IEEE 802.1, the time is shortened to between 1 and 3 seconds for up to 10 series-connected switches. For connecting to office networks, some SIMATIC NET switches support the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.
Switched network
Switched industrial networks can be configured electrically or optically with a linear, star or ring structure, or a combination.
They are constructed with SCALANCE X switches and with integral switches, e.g. in communications processors. Fiber-optic conductors or Twisted Pair cables are used as the transmission media between the switches.
Data terminals or network segments are connected over twisted-pair cables or polymer optical fiber (POF) . Switched networks can be of any size. The signal propagation times must be taken into account at distances over 150 km.
Optical cabling with POF/PCF or glass fiber optic cable
Fiber-optic cables are always recommended as an alternative to copper cables in environments subject to strong electromagnetic interference (EMI), if reliable equipotential bonding cannot be guaranteed, if the system is in the open air, or if no adverse effects caused by EMI are wanted.
Glass fiber optic cables are used to establish optical network topologies covering long distances, while for shorter distances, plastic fiber optic cable made of light-conducting plastics like polymer optical fiber (POF), or plastic covered glass fibers such as polymer cladded fiber (PCF), are used. Simple fiber-optic cabling for machine-level use is implemented with the SC RJ connection system for polymer optical fiber and PCF. The SC RJ connectors can be assembled especially quickly and simply on-site. The plastic fiber optic cables designed for this purpose can be used universally or specifically in festoon cable systems.
For optical cabling, e.g. for a PROFINET system, products with POF or PCF connection are used, e.g. the Industrial Ethernet Switch SCALANCE X200-4P IRT, ET 200S distributed I/O, or the SCALANCE X101-1POF media converter.
Mixed network with SCALANCE X202-2P IRT and SCALANCE X101-1POF media converter
Fault-tolerant communication
The availability of the communication is increased by means of redundant communication connections, to which the data transmission can be switched quickly in the event of a fault.
Fault-tolerant S7-connections can be set up from S7-400H stations to
other H stations (one- or two-channel)
PCs (S7-REDCONNECT software required)
.
Increased availability by means of redundant communication connections
Gigabit at the control level
Whereas in the field level, short response times and small data message frames are in the forefront, the need for high data throughput is constantly increasing in the control level. The reason for this is the rapidly growing number of nodes and data-intensive systems such as HMI, SCADA, code reading systems, web applications or multimedia applications.
In addition to the Gigabit-capable network infrastructure, there are also Gigabit-capable system connections for PCs or SIMATIC S7-300/400. The CP 1623 communications processor for PCI Express supports a high-performance connection of the HMI/SCADA systems and simultaneously increases the reliability of the network by means of an optional external power supply.
The CP 343-1 Advanced and CP 443-1 Advanced communications processors for SIMATIC S7-300/400 implement integral network separation between the control level and field level and provide:
Separate network connections on a module for the connection of two independent IP-subnetworks, e.g. control level is IP subnetwork 1 (Gigabit Ethernet) and the field level is IP subnetwork 2 (Fast Ethernet)
Cross-network utilization of IT services through IP routing, such as access to Web servers
Short response times for the lower-level field device connection with PROFINET
Firewall for protecting the programmable controllers from unauthorized access regardless of the size of the network to be protected
Supplementary or alternative VPN (Virtual Private Network) for secure authentication of the communication partners and encryption of the transmitted data
Network separation between field level and control level including Gigabit communication at the control level
Network separation between field level and control level
Networks often have to be separated physically from one another, but nevertheless have to communicate with one another. Reasons for network separation are deliberate load decoupling or different responsibilities within an enterprise (e.g. office and production network).
When using the CP 343-1 Advanced communications processors and CP 443-1 Advanced for S7 controllers this requirement presents no problem. With the introduction of interfaces for separate IP subnetworks in Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet on one module, the cross-network use of IT services is possible by means of static IP routing. A firewall protects programmable controllers against unauthorized access regardless of the size of the network to be protected. As an alternative or supplement, secure authentication of the communication partners and encryption of the transmitted data can be handled via a VPN (Virtual Private Network).
SIMATIC PCS 7 process control system with Gigabit
In the control room, two SCALANCE X-400 switches are used on the terminal bus. If a high number of nodes are connected to the plant bus, SCALANCE X414-3E switches, for example, can be used with extender modules. These are connected together to create an electrical ring with a transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s.
Several operator panels are provided and divided between the two switches so that the system can still be operated in the event of a failure. The terminal and plant buses are connected using redundant servers, e.g. with SCALANCE X408-2 also via high-performance Gigabit lines.
Use of the SCALANCE X switches in a process control system, e.g. PCS 7
Plant network with connection to the management level or the corporate network with SCALANCE X-500
Fail-safe wireless communication with PROFIsafe
For several years, safety engineering has been integrating into standard automation on the basis of SIMATIC S7 controllers, PROFIBUS and PROFIsafe.
This range has been expanded by PROFINET-enabled components, thus providing a complete product range with failsafe controllers, failsafe I/O and a corresponding engineering environment.
PROFIsafe prevents errors such as address corruption, loss, delay, etc., when transmitting messages through continuous numbering of the PROFIsafe data, time monitoring, and authenticity monitoring using passwords and optimized cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
Fail-safe wireless communication with PROFIsafe
Secure communication with SCALANCE S and Security Integrated
SCALANCE S security modules and modules with Security Integrated offer scalable security functionality for the protection of automation networks. Security Integrated integrates the firewall and VPN security functionalities familiar from SCALANCE S into communications processors (CP 343-1 Advanced, CP 443-1 Advanced, CP 1628) and the SCALANCE M875 mobile wireless router as additional functions. Apart from IP routing, the following are supported:
Firewall for protecting the programmable controllers from unauthorized access regardless of the size of the network to be protected.
Supplementary or alternative VPN (Virtual Private Network) for secure authentication of the communication partners and encryption of the transmitted data
Address translation
NAT (Network Address Translation) permits the use of private IP addresses in the internal network in that public IP addresses are converted to private ones
NAPT (Network Address and Port Translation) permits the use of private IP addresses in the internal network in that frames are converted to private IP addresses depending on the communications port used
Secure remote maintenance and protection of network segments thanks to SCALANCE S in a Gigabit network infrastructure
For a high-performance coupling of networks, the modular Industrial Ethernet Switch SCALANCE X414-3E is available. In the case of SCALANCE X414-3E, high-speed IP routing permits communication between different IP subnetworks and routers:
Static routing
Dynamic routing OSPF (open shortest path first) and
RIPv1/2 (routing information protocol)
Redundant routing VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
High-performance Layer 3 switching paired with redundant routing (VRRP)
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